This book gives an overview of the worlds literature on analytical data and theoretical concepts of the regularities of rare earth elements (REE) in ultramafic and mafic rocks of different chemical and mineral compositions mantle restites (including those composing mantle xenoliths in alkali basaltoids), highly magnesium hypabyssal roc
This book presents an extensive overview of literature published globally in the last decades on REE distribution in minor and accessory minerals from various types of ultramafic, mafic, and other plutonic rocks. It is a continuation of the author's work published in 2010: Rare Earth Elements in Ultramafic and Mafic Rocks and their Minerals. Main Types of Rocks. Rock-Forming Minerals. The analytical database created includes over 900 analyses of minerals, including garnets (341), chrome-spinels (38), ilmenites (160), zircons (210), apatites (62), titanites (51), perovskites (46) and micas (35). The book offers a brief historical background on REE distribution for each of the minerals and analytical methods for their determination; further, the main features of concentration of these impurities in the samples of different rocks and their manifestations are described and the regularities of REE distribution between coexisting phases, including parent melts, systematized available estimates of distribution coefficients are considered. REE isomorphism in these minerals is discussed as well as the possibilities of using data on REE distribution as typomorphic signs of determining the crystallization conditions of minerals. The numerous analyses of REE presented in this book can be used as reference data. Finally, there is an additional chapter on a new problem: the study of geochemical relations between REE and platinum group elements. As an overview of modern data on the geochemistry of REE in minor and accessory minerals from rocks of mafic-ultramafic complexes and as a reference book, this work will be of interest to a wide range of specialists studying petrology and geochemistry of products of ultramafic and mafic magmatism, including ore mineralization, as well as for graduate and undergraduate university students in geology departments.
This book presents an extensive overview of literature published globally in the last decades on REE distribution in minor and accessory minerals from various types of ultramafic, mafic, and other plutonic rocks. It is a continuation of the author’s work published in 2010: Rare Earth Elements in Ultramafic and Mafic Rocks and their Minerals. Main Types of Rocks. Rock-Forming Minerals. The analytical database created includes over 900 analyses of minerals, including garnets (341), chrome-spinels (38), ilmenites (160), zircons (210), apatites (62), titanites (51), perovskites (46) and micas (35). The book offers a brief historical background on REE distribution for each of the minerals and analytical methods for their determination; further, the main features of concentration of these impurities in the samples of different rocks and their manifestations are described and the regularities of REE distribution between coexisting phases, including parent melts, systematized available estimates of distribution coefficients are considered. REE isomorphism in these minerals is discussed as well as the possibilities of using data on REE distribution as typomorphic signs of determining the crystallization conditions of minerals. The numerous analyses of REE presented in this book can be used as reference data. Finally, there is an additional chapter on a new problem: the study of geochemical relations between REE and platinum group elements. As an overview of modern data on the geochemistry of REE in minor and accessory minerals from rocks of mafic-ultramafic complexes and as a reference book, this work will be of interest to a wide range of specialists studying petrology and geochemistry of products of ultramafic and mafic magmatism, including ore mineralization, as well as for graduate and undergraduate university students in geology departments.
The monograph is concerned with results of studies of petrology of mafic-ultramafic massifs as part of the East Sakhalin ophiolite association. It generalizes and interprets a large body of data (mainly original data) on geology, petrography, petrochemistry, and geochemistry of rocks; mineralogy and geochemistry of rock-forming and accessory minerals; chromite and platinum contents, and isotopic age of zircons from rocks of the typical mafic-ultramafic massifs of the East Sakhalin ophiolite association: Berezovka, Shel’ting, Komsomol’sk, and South Schmidt. Gabbroids from the Berezovka massif contain ultramafic xenoliths. Ultramafic rocks are locally cut by gabbroid and pyroxenite veins. Three spatially close but genetically autonomous bodies are distinguished in the structure of the massifs under study: protrusion of upper-mantle restitic ultramafic rocks (harzburgites, lherzolites, and dunites); intrusion of orthomagmatic gabbroids (gabbronorites, gabbro, and norites) that cuts it; and contact-reaction zone, located along the boundaries between gabbroid intrusion and ultramafic protrusion, which consists of hybrid ultramafic rocks (wehrlites, websterites, clinopyroxenites, and their olivine- and plagioclase-containing varieties) and hybrid gabbroids (melano- and mesocratic olivine gabbronorites and gabbro as well as troctolites). The hybrid ultramafic rocks and gabbroids are the product of interaction between mafic melts and restitic ultramafic rocks. Taking into account the later formation of the gabbroid intrusions compared to the ultramafic protrusions, the massifs in question are determined as polygenic. The idea of their polygenic formation is supported by data on the isotopic age of zircons from the Berezovka massif rocks. In this monograph the author develops his earlier proposed concept of polygenic formation of mafic–ultramafic massifs belonging to ophiolite associations. The book addresses a wide circle of petrologists and practicing geologists as well as senior-year students and postgraduates studying problems of mafic-ultramafic magmatism.
Developments in Geochemistry, Volume 2: Rare Earth Element Geochemistry presents the remarkable developments in the chemistry and geochemistry of the rare earth elements. This book discusses the analytical techniques and the recognition that rare earth fractionation occurs naturally in different ways. Organized into 13 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the wide array of types and sizes of the cation coordination polyhedral in rock-forming minerals. This text then examines the application of rare earth element abundances to petrogenetic problems that has centered on the evolution of igneous rocks. Other chapters consider the matching of observed rare earth element abundances with those provided by the theoretical modeling of petrogenetic processes. This book discusses as well the hypotheses on the genesis of a rock or mineral suite. The final chapter deals with the principal analytical methods. This book is a valuable resource for undergraduates, lecturers, and researchers who study petrology and geochemistry.
This book (Special Issue) presents the geological environment, physical/chemical properties, and crystallographic data for two new minerals associated with chromitites from the Othrys ophiolite complex: Eliopoulosite, V7S8/IMA2019-96, and Grammatikopoulosite, NiVP/IMA2019-090. The distribution, mineralogy, and field relationships of PGE-enriched ores, which are important for our understanding of the metallogenic controls on the concentration of PGE and their exploration, are addressed in papers, providing (a) the first detailed data on the chromitites and platinum-group elements (PGE) mineralization from Ulan-Sar’dag ophiolite, Central Asian Fold Belt/East Sayan, Russia, (b) peculiarities on the distribution of PGE in arsenopyrites and pyrites from the Natalkinskoe gold ore deposit, NE Russia, and (c) the occurrence of zoned laurite found in the Merensky Reef of the Bushveld layered intrusion, South Africa, characterized by textural/compositional features suggesting “hydrothermal” origin. Two papers deal with (a) the rare earth element (REE) distribution in various mineral deposits of Sweden, obtained during the EURARE project, and their application to the exploration of REE and (b) the optimization of the beneficiation process for the REE recovery from black sands. Five papers provide new data of genetic and exploration significance on trace elements, including REE and PGE in various ore-types, and factors controlling the Cr stable isotope (δ53Cr values) in chromitites from the Balkan peninsula.
Earth Materials Earth materials encompass the minerals, rocks, soil and water that constitute our planet and the physical, chemical and biological processes that produce them. Since the expansion of computer technology in the last two decades of the twentieth century, many universities have compressed or eliminated individual course offerings such as mineralogy, optical mineralogy, igneous petrology, sedimentology and metamorphic petrology and replaced them with Earth materials courses. Earth materials courses have become an essential curricular component in the fields of geology, geoscience, Earth science, and many related areas of study. This textbook is designed to address the needs of a one- or two-semester Earth materials course, as well as individuals who want or need an expanded background in minerals, rocks, soils and water resources. Earth Materials, Second Edition, provides: Comprehensive descriptive analysis of Earth materials Color graphics and insightful text in a logical integrated format Field examples and regional relationships with graphics that illustrate concepts discussed Examples of how concepts discussed can be used to address real world issues Contemporary references from current scientific journals related to developments in Earth materials research Summative discussions of how Earth materials are interrelated with other science and non-science fields of study Additional resources, including detailed descriptions of major rock-forming minerals and keys for identifying minerals using macroscopic and/or optical methods, are available online at www.wiley.com/go/hefferan/earthmaterials Earth Materials, Second Edition, is an innovative, visually appealing, informative and readable textbook that addresses the full spectrum of Earth materials.
This book is a marked departure from typical introductory geochemistry books available: It provides a simple, straightforward, applied, and down-to-earth no-nonsense introduction to geochemistry. It is for the undergraduate students who are introduced to the subject for the first time, but also for practicing geologists who do not need the heavy-duty theory, but some clear, simple, and useful practical tips and pointers. This book, written from the point of view of a practicing geologist, introduces the fundamental and most relevant principles of geochemistry, explaining them whenever possible in plain terms. Crucially, this textbook covers – in a single volume! – practical and useful topics that other introductory geochemistry books ignore, such as sampling and sample treatment, analytical geochemistry, data treatment and geostatistics, classification and discrimination diagrams, geochemical exploration, and environmental geochemistry. The main strengths of this book are the breadth of useful and practical topics, the straightforward and approachable way in which it is written, the numerous real-world and specific geological examples, and the exercises and review questions (using real-world data and providing on-line answers). It is therefore easily understood by the beginner geochemist or any geologist who desires to use geochemistry in their daily work.
Vols. for 1964-v. 2, no. 1, 1965 include selected articles translated from geochemical papers from other languages, but primarily from Russian, German, French and Japanese.
